Critical Lens Essay-Jane Eyre and Catcher in the Rye.

Critical Lens Revision-Love is Required for Growth â€Å"Nothing we do, however virtuous, can be accomplished alone; therefore we are saved by love† This quote from Reinhold Niebuhr tells of a human incapability to accomplish a deed of any sort without the assistance of love. In The Catcher in the Rye; Salinger, J.D. The Catcher in the Rye. New York: Little Brown and Company, 1991 and Jane Eyre ; Bronte, Charlotte. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, INC. 1847, both young individuals are faced with numerous obstacles in an attempt to mature. Eventually, the characters both come to realizations that they need love in order to grow and mature. In a way, the characters are saved by love. Having both lost their ways, at the depths of†¦show more content†¦Bot characters eventually realize that they do indeed require love in order to grow. Holden had education and freedom but did not reach maturity without the help of his beloved sister Phoebe. Jane gained money and status but this did not please or fulfill her like she hoped it too. She found true fulfillment in the love of a family, and her lover Rochester. These examples would prove the statement to be true, that no thing we as humans attempt can prove successful without the assistance of

A Research Study On Learning Theory Essay - 979 Words

Since the history of the universe was searched, the inception of innovation about learning theory was seen as a practice, psychology and science was found in the literature of scholars across the world. The Germany scholar named Lay (1903) studied the relationship between psychology and the practice of teaching subjects in Language Arts and Literacy and math (Lay, 1903. P.1). Based upon Lay (1903) she believed that educational subjects could benefit from an experimental approach that explored the relative sciences in psychology, biology, and, anthropology. However, the economical, logical, ethical, and religious experiences concerning the student and his community develop profound conclusions about the experiments (Lay, 1903, p. 2). Also, the observations, statistics and the experiment are substantial in the conclusions. Dewey (1897) was perplexed about how socialization played such a rewarding part in the educational process of children (Dewey, 1897, p. 24). Thorndike (1903) wrote several textbooks about the psychology of educating, teaching, children so they will learn subject skills. In the textbook of Educational Psychology, Thorndike investigated the influences about how mental development, environment, and genetics help children to mature and grow with a healthy personality (Thorndike, 1903, para.3). While developing a theory about education, Thorndike (1903) created a hypothesis about The Knowledge of original nature of children to be educated and Knowledge ofShow MoreRelatedbehaviorism vs humanism1043 Words   |  5 PagesMurphy PSY331: Psychology of Learning Instructor Corey Pruitt September 1, 2014 Behaviorism vs. Humanism Behaviorism and humanism are two theories of learning. Both theories are very important, and have many good qualities, which makes it difficult to say that one is better than the other. 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Research interests of every scientist are always put in the first page of his/her resume because the scientist want to emphasize that he/she is an expert of this specific field and is able to contribute to this field rather than other fields. Why one scientist devote huge of energy and time in this field, what work one should do, where one belong to, and who he/ she establish relationship with are all influenced, determined and shaped byRead MoreProfessional Development : An Exploration Of Their Relationships By Integrating Literature And Interview Data1241 Words   |  5 Pages004 By means of a qualitative study, the research offered by Pool, Poell, Berings, and ten Cate, explores, defines, and expounds on the topic of continued education as it relates to new and established professionals. The purpose of this study was to understand how professional development and motivation are related in a specific career field. The authors focused equally on motivational factors and learning activities. The literature review used to conduct this study included peer reviewed articlesRead MoreAdolescent Ecstasy Use : A Test Of Social Bonds And Social Learning Theory Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesThe study that I will critique and review in this paper is called â€Å"Adolescent Ecstasy Use: A Test of Social Bonds and Social Learning Theory† and it was published by an associate professor, Jason A. Ford, and a professor, Laurent B. Ford in the department of sociology in University of Central Florida in 2014. It is a research paper that focuses of the relationship betwe en two social theories, social control theory and social learning theory, and ecstasy usage among adolescents. The theoretical perspective

Education Is a Vital Tool for Development †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: How To the Education Is a Vital Tool for Development? Answer: Introduction Noteworthy, Education is a vital tool for development of most economies. Similarly, Australia has placed substantial emphasis on education and has incurred investment into bettering its education sector. However, the Australian education system is far from perfect due to the various shortcomings manifested in its education system. Notably, education inequity is considered rampant between most public schools unlike in private schooling facilties.Further, inadequate or discriminatory distribution of education resources in some schools has largely contributed to the performance disparities among Australian students. According to the Australian, quality education ought to be the focus of academic reforms in Australia. According to the Australian article, quality teacher education is central to excellent student performance.Further,the inability of teachers to focus on the individual student academic needs has largely contributed to poor student performance of students in Australia.Furthermore,tutor unpreparedness before lectures and total and partial absenteeism of tutors also contribute to poor student performance in most Australian learning institutions.Moreover,the outdated curriculum as a basis for learning has crippled education relevance and advancement for the students in Australian thus encouraging future work redundancies and poor workplace performance by students who form the future labor market for the Australian economy. Economic Concepts and Analysis Australian education performance has been among the world top performers .However, the education system is now declining .Moreover, the Australian government has mitigated measures to try and boost education performance in its states. The move to reshuffle schools has proved ineffective thus the need to implement workable solutions into the education sector. Notably, teacher quality determines success of student performance because an unqualified teacher is unlikely to impart quality education or knowledge to his or her students hence the crucial need to improve teacher quality before implementing other measures and education policies. Teacher quality can be improved through raising the standards of teaching courses and curriculum. Identification of the key education reforms is the starting point for education reforms in Australia. Further, a student centered approach to education ought to be adopted by Australian education policy makers. Primarily, a student based approach is likely to grow motivation levels in students and be more effective. Also, use of professional experts input can be incorporated to aid in the reform process(PWC,n.d.)In addition, plan formulation and implementation should follow. Subsequently, technological advancements and creative learning techniques must be incorporated into the education reform system. Inevitably, times are changing and innovative teaching ways are being developed for better student understanding and performance. Notably, the national Australian education curriculum is in the process of being reviewed(International Education News)Inevitably, times are changing hence the need to update national education curriculum to reflect and address the current economic and knowledge needs. Technological and innovate teaching techniques and practices ought to be implemented into the worldwide academic sphere to enable equal competitive footing for all global students in the future labor and education opportunities. Outdated curriculum is likely to inadequately prepare students for the future labor market and inhibit global competitiveness. Primarily, a uniform national curriculum promotes equity among all Australian student due to the equal standard and evaluation criteria thus providing equal competitive chances for all students in Australia. Significantly, teacher quality translates into student performance hence the importance of ensuring and improving teacher quality in all levels of education (Hamid et.al, 2012) Usually, qualified teachers have a likelihood of producing successful and exemplary student performance whereas unqualified teachers are likely to record poor student performance. Substantial investment should be made into training of quality teachers for quality student performance. Quality teachers imply adequate training in the tutoring area thus making the teacher an expert in area of teaching. Further, qualified teachers have the skills and attitude to create a friendly and comfortable learning environment for students thereby boosting student performance (Harmond, 2010) Also, the academic qualifications for training teachers must be high to attract brilliant and motivated minds into the teaching profession.Notably,the poor performance in mathematics in Australia has been linked to the lack of mathematical expertise by one third of the teachers offering mathematics lessons to Australian students between 7 and 10 years of age(Australian,2017) Consequently, teacher expertise contributes to teacher quality and performance.Subsequently,compromised teacher quality is evidenced by insufficient or lack of knowledge of the subject taught by the unqualified teacher(Hattie,2011)Further, shortage of teachers for different Australian subjects such as reading, mathematics and science is largely to blame for the poor student performance(Karp,2016)Primarily, teacher shortage in public schools is more rampant than in private schools hence the performance disparities . Raising the entry academic standards of teachers in training institutions plus the standards of learning teachers will go a long way in boosting teacher quality thus improved student performance. Noteworthy, the evaluation of teacher skills, numeracy and literacy may help raise the declining teacher education standards and quality. The teaching career ought to be made more attractive to help cover the teacher gap in Australian schools. Primarily, poor entry academic requirements for teaching courses will in turn produce not so baked teachers thus poor education quality.However,with brilliant students enrolling for teaching courses, the likely teacher quality standards will be high and therefore teaching In Australian will be considered an attractive . Notably, the Australian government has implemented measures to improve the attractiveness of the teaching profession among its states. The motivation to become qualified teachers is being implemented to attract brilliant minds into the teaching profession (Australian Government) Substantially, education is the backbone to most sectors of the Australian economy. The future taskforce of Australia is comprised of the current students thus the need to provide quality education through quality teachers and other infrastructural and educational resources to prepare the students for the future labor market of Australia. Further, innovative and creative teaching techniques and practices must be implemented into the education system to boost understanding and student performance in Australia (Reforms, 2014) Further, Tutor unpreparedness must be eliminated in Australian education system through implementation of harsher penalties for unprepared tutors. Also, teacher absenteeism ought to be discouraged and eliminated in Australian schools to accord students adequate learning time in preparedness for examination and future labor market. In addition, qualified tutor shortages should be eliminated through making the teaching profession attractive by recruiting brilliant minds and offering financial incentives and motivation for current teachers in the Australian education system. Consequently, an increase in the number of trained teachers is likely to address the teacher shortage in most public Australian schools and also the number of expert teachers will increase teacher quality hence better student performance. In addition, teacher quality can be improved through better salary packages for teachers. Motivated and financially comfortable teachers are likely to perform better than poorly motivated teachers. Further, an increase in the financial budget for teaching resources, learning institution infrastructure is likely to create a conducive teaching and working environment for teachers and students respectively thus better overall school performance. Poorly equipped teachers and students is likely to reflect in poor performance by both tutors and students and the reverse is true. Unqualified teachers are unable to handle individual student needs thereby transforming into exemplary student performance. Equitable resource allocation in schools provides an equal competitive ground for all students of Australia to be able to compete with other global students.Notably,good performance has been linked to better student performance due to the conducive and learner environment that it provides.However,poor leaning environment has a high likelihood of producing equally poor student performance.Further,the government of Australia should invested more financially in equipping all rural and urban schools with sufficient resources and facilities to boost student performance nationally. In addition, quality teachers, adequate resources will go a long way in boosting the overall global academic performance of all Australian students. Also, curriculum reforms are central to good performance and future workplace performance. Inevitably, the current students are going to form part of the future labor force thus the need to update the learning curriculum for both tutor and students. Technological and general economic conditions are ever changing needing adaptability and preparedness on the part of the current and future labor force.Notably,an updated national education curriculum will equip students with the requisite skills required in the future labor market thus an investment into the future. Further, the involvement of technological methods in education will boost the understanding of students and make education effective and time saving. In my view, a good teacher has the rightful qualifications to handle his or her student individual needs which in turn translate to good student performance thus the emphasis on teacher quality. Quality teachers can be achieved through high standards of the academic requirements for the teaching profession. Further, regular updates on the teaching and learning curriculum will empower teachers to adequately handle the different student abilities and disabilities. Also, financial incentives must be availed to motivate teachers and to make teaching an attractive career for brilliant students. Conclusion Inevitably, education has an economic impact on all economies in the world thus the need for Australian education system to boost its current performance trend.Notably,Australian education performance is among the top in the world.However,theres need to implement teacher quality reforms, increase budgetary allocations, update student curriculum and implement creative and innovative teaching techniques.Majorly,teaching quality influences student performance.Further,learning courses for teachers standards and entry requirement ought to be raised to consequently improve teacher quality. Shortage of qualified teachers can be addressed through making the teaching career attractive and not as an option. References Curriculum reform in Australia. International Education News. [Online]Available from https://internationalednews.com/2014/12/04/curriculum-reform-in-australia/[Accessed 5 May 2017] Darling-Hammond, L. (2010). Evaluating Teacher Effectiveness. Center for American Progress. [Online]Available at https://www.highered.nysed.gov/TELDH.pdf[Accessed 5 May 2017] Education improvement in Australia. PWC. [Online]Available at https://www.pwc.com.au/education/education-reform.html/ Hamid. A., Hassan, S., Ismail. H. (2012 Teaching Quality and Performance Among Experienced Teachers in Malaysia. [Online] Australian Journal of Teacher Education 3711), pp. 1-20. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ999392.pdf Hattie, J. (2011). Challenge of focusing education reform. The Australian.[Online] Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/business/rethinking-education-the-challenge-of-focusing-reform/news-story/320a7a0664bad45f074f3d6eb320e059[Accessed 5May 2017] Karp, P. (2016). Pisa results: Australian students' science, Maths and reading in long-term decline. The Guardian. [Online]Available at https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/dec/06/pisa-results-australian-students-science-maths-and-reading-in-long-term-decline[Accessed 5 May 2017] Quality teaching must be the focus of school reform. (2017) The Australian. [Online]Available at www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/editorials/quality-teaching-must-be-the-focus-of-school-reform/news-story/b068e3d469cd0494304bdc2d80c0d97b.[Accessed 5 May 2017] Upholding Quality - Quality Indicators for Learning and Teaching. Australian Government. [Online] Available at: https://www.education.gov.au/upholding-quality-quality-indicators-learning-and-teaching[Accessed 5 May 2015]

The Hunger Games analysis free essay sample

One of the most influential, albeit controversial, book series of 2008 is written by Suzanne Collins, an author who previously had been a children’s television writer. Collins, in her new series The Hunger Games, delves into the dark, questionable subject of child versus child combat. The heroine of the book, Katniss Everdeen, is someone to be admired and looked up to. Time and time again she makes the tough choices required of her. The Hunger Games also has an exciting storyline that will stick with you and keep you reading late into the night. But The Hunger Games is a book series, that although exciting, contains excessive violence and has what is possibly the worst ending to a critically acclaimed book series ever written. The Hunger Games has too much violence. In our society, the impact horrific violence has on children has been severely downplayed. Parents are letting teenagers, or even pre-teens play realistically violent video games and watch disturbingly real movies that show scenes of adults being tortured and killed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunger Games analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Society has made this normal, to the point to where it is hard to fit in at middle school or high school without playing and watching this sort of content. Reports and studies done over the last fifty years on this subject have shown that violence on television as well as video games makes a significant impact on a child’s behavior. One study, conducted by an expert panel that the Surgeon General convened, The Influence of Media Violence on Youth, concluded that â€Å"Research on violent television and films, video games, and music reveals unequivocal evidence that media violence increases the likelihood of aggressive and violent behavior in both immediate and long-term contexts† (Anderson). Another experimental study showed that even a single exposure can increase aggression in children. Kaj Bjorkqvist, a professor of developmental psychology, randomly assigned one group of five- to six-year-old Finnish children to watch violent movies, another to watch nonviolent ones. Raters who did not know which type of movie the children had seen then observed them playing together in a room. Children who had just watched the violent movie were rated much higher on physical assault and other types of aggression (Bjorkqvist). The Hunger Games trilogy possesses multiple brutal, vivid descriptions of torture and violence throughout, making them inappropriate for children to read. In fact, the whole premise of the trilogy is based on a dystopian reality. A reality where children fighting other children to the death is not only acceptable but seen as entertainment. These ideas can permeate a child’s mind and change their perception about reality. As well as excessive violence, The Hunger Games trilogy contains the worst ending of any book series I have ever read. All stories need a good ending. You can see proof of this everywhere, from The Lord of the Rings, to Star Wars, to every comic book ever made. They all have one thing in common, a happy ending. But even unhappy endings can be satisfying if done logically. For example, Romeo and Juliet has an extremely sad ending, one where the main characters all die. Yet because of the logic employed by Shakespeare, you finish the book with a feeling it was supposed to happen that way. But in the last three pages of The Hunger Games, Suzanne Collins changes Katniss’s morals more than the rest of the series combined. That would be ok, though, if Ms. Collins had somehow given hints that Katniss was changing. Instead, the only logic used to explain this sudden change in morals is Katniss’s insanity during the third book. The dystopian ending gets under your skin because deep down, people want things to turn out like they are supposed to. I would be willing to accept even this dystopian ending, although it is mind wreckingly frustrating, if it weren’t for the afterword of the final book. In this afterword, Suzanne Collins wants us to believe, however illogical it may be, that Katniss does get a happy ending. In this afterword Katniss is living a simple, carefree life away from the politics, is with Peeta, and has two children. This lack of logic is where I draw the line and decisively say that the ending to The Hunger Games is the worst ending ever. To understand why I say Katniss’s morals changed illogically, we must first look at who Katniss was at the beginning of the series. In the beginning of the first book Katniss is a sweet, albeit hardened, teenage girl who wants nothing more than to protect her family and live the best life possible. When disaster strikes her home and her sister Prim is chosen as tribute for the hunger games, she is so protective that she is willing to sacrifice her life to give Prim a future. She later joins the rebellion for one reason: to make sure no child will ever have to endure the frightfulness of being chosen as tribute. So Katniss starts out, and stays throughout the first two books, as someone who feels the compulsion to protect others. She wants to give others a better life even if it means sacrificing her own. She strongly believes, rightly so, that the Hunger Games are wrong, immoral, and just plain evil. This belief is what drives her to make some difficult decisions throughout the series. Her sense of morality also tells her that The Capitol is a corrupt government that must be overthrown before progress can be made in the nation. In the beginning she understands that using children fighting children to instill a sense of fear in the population of Panem is immoral and that any system of government that runs off of fear is one that should not exist. That is a rough definition of Katniss’s morals; they define her and give her the strength to do what no one before her could. But in the last few pages of Mockingjay, all of this goes down the drain. Everything she stood for, everything she worked for, everything she is shown to be up to that point is obliterated. After the rebels have taken over The Capitol, and the happy ending is within sight, she, with a simple â€Å"yes,† reinstates a new form of the hunger games for the children of the fallen Capitol. This isn’t logical though. After all that she had been through to stop others’ suffering, she votes to make more innocent children suffer. That is not the character portrayed by Collins up to that point, and it ruins the logical flow of the book. It only goes downhill from there. After she votes to reinstate the hunger games, she receives the chance to execute President Snow for his crimes against the country. In a surprising turn of events motivated solely by a question asked by the criminal, the villain, the one person Katniss has been fighting against the entire time, President Snow, Katniss turns her bow from President Snow and kills the rebellion leader instead. Her character transformed during that short span of time from an admirable heroine to a bleak, lifeless character whose actions cannot be understood. But some might say the ending does not matter because the idea is so original and interesting. Some might argue that because of the originality of the topic, that all the negatives can be canceled out. But the idea of gladiatorial fighting for entertainment can be traced back to the Romans over a thousand years before The Hunger Games was even conceived. Even children fighting children to the death is not original to Collins. In Koushun Takami’s book Battle Royale, a group of fifty junior high children are taken to an abandoned island where they learn they are part of The Program. And they must fight each other to the death until only one person remains. They have to do this for research purposes. So those who say the originality of the book negates the excessive violence and shoddy ending have no ground to stand upon. Others might say that the third book, bad as it is, is better than no ending at all. The first two books are so enthralling that even knowing that the ending is horrible wouldn’t stop them from finishing the third book. I agree with this. When I was reading through the series myself, one of my friends told me that the ending was horrible, so bad I should just rip out the last three pages and just imagine an ending for myself. I laughed, but I was going to finish the books. Looking back, even if I had been told the exact ending, I would still have finished the books because the first two were so exciting that I would have expected at least some excitement out of Mockingjay. The Hunger Games, what can be said about them? The first two books are extremely well-written, dramatic novels that grab your attention and don’t let go. The characters are described with such vividity that you see a real person, with real emotions and feelings. Not only the characters, but the whole Hunger Games universe is described with such a realism you can picture yourself in the storyline. The plot, until the third book, has beautiful twists and turns, smaller stories within the story itself, and a great deal of excitement. The Hunger Games trilogy will make you feel the emotions the characters feel. While reading you hurt with Katniss when Rue dies, you feel elated when Peeta and Katniss both survive their first Hunger Games, and you are angry at the injustice of The Capitol. All these wonderful things make up what is called The Hunger Games, and if you overlook the unrestrained, graphic violence and the ending of the last book, then I have nothing but praise for Suzanne Collins’s trilogy. But I cannot. I cannot simply dismiss the excessive violence, the depressing mood of Mockingjay, and I cannot just forget about the worst ending ever written.

Good Citizenship and Global Citizenship

Good Citizenship and Global Citizenship Introduction The 21st Century has witnessed integration and increased cultural interaction among people on a previously unprecedented scale. This frequent interaction between people from varied countries and cultures has risen mostly as a result of the advances that have been made in transport and communication technologies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Good Citizenship and Global Citizenship specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As a result of this interaction, there has been the major integration of economies and cultures in a process known as globalization. As a result of globalization, governments are increasingly being required to link together different levels of their activities: national and global. This has resulted in the building of a global citizenry which sees the world as their country. However, the global citizen continues to be heavily influenced by the traditional notion of citizen, a term that is â₠¬Å"wrapped up in rights and obligations and in owing allegiance to a sovereign state (Lagos 1). This paper shall argue that it is hugely necessary for one to be a good citizen so as to become a global citizen. To reinforce this claim, this paper shall analyze the extent to which it is necessary to be a â€Å"good citizen† in order to be a â€Å"global citizen†, and vice versa. Good Citizen needed to make a Global Citizen The world is full of social injustices mostly perpetrated by the stronger members of the society against the weaker ones. A defining characteristic of a good national citizen in such an environment is his/her concern about the injustices that occur within their boundaries. This concern normally manifests itself in protests and public demonstrations calling for action by the government in place to counter the perceived injustices. A report by the World Bank demonstrates that the global citizen shows the same concern for the welfare of the globe and is m oved to free their fellow men from dehumanizing conditions (1). As such, it takes a good citizen to make the global citizen who will be keen to decry social injustices against other human beings. Core to the agendas of the good citizen is the preservation of peace in his country. A good citizen will strive to preserve peace especially within the boundaries of his/her country. This is mostly because the citizen recognizes the destruction and loss that war culminates in. For this reason, the good citizen seeks to mobilize against all wars through peaceful demonstrations and advocacy against wars. The United Nations declares that peace is a precondition of global citizenship. The global citizen views war and strife as being contrary to his/her agenda. A good citizen who is committed to preserving peace is therefore needed to make a global citizen.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the attribute that a good citizen in any democratic society should possess is an understanding of public policies in his/her country. An understanding of this policies will result in enlightenment on ones country position on issues such as energy, free trade, agriculture and the environment to name but a few. It is only by understanding the public policies adopted by ones country that a person can act so as to shape certain conditions such as protection of natural habitat. A global citizen is also concerned with the protection of the environment and establishment of free trade. It would therefore take a good citizen who is well versed with public policies to make a global citizen. A good citizen is concerned about the impact that his individual actions and daily personal choices have on the country. This is an ideal that is also desirable in the global citizen since as a global citizen should make his/her decisions bases on an awareness of the impact that the decision s will have on the planet. A good citizen who is aware and conscious of the impact that his actions have on a larger scale is therefore needed to make a global citizen. The international community is characterized by a rich diversity of cultures among its people. The global citizen is therefore prepared to operate amicably in this intercultural environment. The global citizen realizes that there should be unity in diversity and nobody has the right to impose their ideology on anybody or any group of persons. An ideal citizen should also demonstrate this values and pay respect to people from different cultures and strives to live harmoniously with them. The good citizen should recognize that differences may exist within members of the country and this should not be a cause of strive. By acting as a global citizen who operates in a multicultural sphere, a person can be a good citizen and exist harmoniously with other citizens of varied backgrounds. Global Citizenship needed to make a Good Citizen Lagos documents that while globalization is acclaimed for having opened up the world and led to the emergence of a global village, the same force has paradoxically resulted in localization and local communities have taken greater and greater importance (9). In such an environment, it is the global citizen who holds the separate entities together and seeks to iron out the differences that the various local communities seek to advance. For a citizen to pass for a good citizen in such an environment (the environment where local communities have taken great importance), he must have the global perspective of the global citizen. It is only by taking the global perspective that a citizen can give fair consideration to ideas with which they disagree.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Good Citizenship and Global Citizenship specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Global citizenship is increasingly working towards making the planet sustainable for all people. The efforts directed to this end are mostly in the form of advocacy for conservation of the environment, reduction of pollution and the reliance on renewable sources of power. A good citizen is supposed to work towards the preservation of the countrys resources for future resources. As such, the good citizen has to be a global citizen who is concerned with making the planet sustainable. As a global citizen, one is expected to be non judgmental and overlook the religious differences that divide humanity. The UN states that the global citizen should have values such as rights to freedom of thought, conscience and religion. A good citizen should also have these values enshrined in them. A good citizen should avoid engaging in religious discrimination since this threatens unity among the citizens of the nation. Discussion This paper has demonstrated that being a global citizen is intrinsically connected to being a good citizen. As such, being a gl obal citizenship implies a responsibility to be a good citizen. However, there are instances where being a global citizen may cause one to be a â€Å"bad citizen†. For example, a global citizen is not expected to advocate for war or side with any party during war. Good citizenship calls for one to back their country when it is involved in a war. Acting as a global citizen in such instances can therefore prevent one from being an ideal citizen. Lagos indicates that a citizen obtains a certain amount of protection from his/her country in return for abiding to some restrictions that the government may impose on him/her (3). A good citizen is therefore required to abide by some laws and allow some bureaucratic control from his/her nation. A global citizen on the other hand does not have any kind of protection and has some amount of degree from bureaucratic control. Lagos states that the hallmark of global citizen is the lack of allegiance to any body of laws to control the indivi dual. In this light, being a global citizen goes contrary to what being a good citizen entails. Conclusion This paper set out to argue that to a large extent, it is necessary to be a good citizen in order to be a global citizen and vice versa. The paper performed a detailed analysis of how a person may be obligated to be a good citizen so as to qualify as a global citizen and vise versa.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This paper has shown that global citizens borrow most of their rights and obligations from the traditional citizen who is defined by a civic engagement to a nation existing in a particular geography. In particular, the paper demonstrates that values such as tolerance, civic education are innate in both the good citizen and the global citizen. However, the paper has also shown that global citizen differs significantly from the citizen and in some instances, being a global citizen may cause one not to fulfill his role as a good citizen. Lagos, Taso. Global Citizenship- Towards a Definition. Mar. 2002. Web. http://depts.washington.edu/gcp/pdf/globalcitizenship.pdf The World Bank. â€Å"Global Citizenship- Ethical Challenges Ahead†. Conference on Leadership and Core Values. 3 July 2002. Web. http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/PARTNERS/EXTDEVDIALOGUE/0,contentMDK:20357631~menuPK:64192472~pagePK:64192523~piPK:64192458~theSitePK:537298,00.html UN. The Universal Dec laration of Human Rights. 2010. Web. https://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/index.html

Six common writing mistakes by first-time authors

Six common writing mistakes by first-time authors Six common writing mistakes by first-time authors, and how to fix them! Last updated: 07/10/2017Today, one oWhat other writing mistakes are authors prone to? And what is the best way to catch them? Let us know your thoughts, or any questions for Lourdes, in the comments below!

Electromagnetism Spectrum. Electromagnetic radiation Assignment

Electromagnetism Spectrum. Electromagnetic radiation - Assignment Example As a wave, EMR can characteristically be absorbed or emitted by charged particles. They also have the magnetic field, as well as electric component that oscillates perpendicularly and in fixed relationship with each other and perpendicular to the direction of the wave energy propagation. Electromagnetic waves are characterized by wavelength and frequency of their waves. In order of decreasing wavelength and increasing frequency, electromagnetic spectrum consists if the radio waves, the microwaves, the infrared radiation (IR) the visible light (UV), the ultraviolet radiation, the X-rays and finally the Gamma rays. In this spectrum, higher frequency and lower wavelength corresponds to proportionately more energy possessed by each photon. For example in this case, gamma rays photon has more energy compared to a Visible light photon. The characteristics of electromagnetic waves are shown in diagram 1 and 2. Diagram 1: Properties of the EM spectrum across each range. Diagram 2: Electromag netic spectrum. EMR is often associated with electromagnetic fields, which propagates themselves freely without the influence of moving charges responsible for producing them because they operate at a distance from the charges that produced them (Condon, & Ransom, 2003). This way, EMR is also referred to as far field. In this context, near field EMR refers to those electromagnetic fields near the current and charges, which directly produced them. The static electricity and magnets phenomena are the best examples of near field EM. In electromagnetic radiation, the electric and magnetic fields are often induced by the changes in electric fields. This makes it to propagate itself as a wave. Such as relationship ensures both the electric and magnetic types of the fields stand in a fixed ration of their intensity to each other and in phase with nodes and maxima found at similar places in space. Electromagnetic radiations carries energy called radiant energy through space and continuously away from its source. They also carries both angular momentum and momentum, all of which are impacted matter upon which EMR interact with. Electromagnetic waves are often produced from other forms of energy when they are created, and they are converted to other forms of energy whenever they get destroyed. The photon is the basic unit and constituent of all form of electromagnetic radiation, and is the quantum of the EMR interaction. In classical physics, electromagnetic radiation is considered produced whenever forces act on charged particles to accelerate them. Fast moving electrons are sharply accelerated whenever they meet any region of force. Electrons are therefore, responsible for the production of most high frequency EMRs such as X-rays. This is because of their associated low mass. Quantum process also produces EMR. This happens when an atomic nuclei is made to under a process such as neutral pion decay or gamma decay. The effects of electromagnetic radiations on biological systems depends on the radiation’s frequency and power. Health effects of Electromagnetic waves In the 21st century, exposure to manmade EMR fields has been increasing steadily with increasing growing energy demand. Changes in social behavior, as well as the ever-advancing technologies have created more artificial sources of EMR. We are exposed to mix of weak magnetic and electric fields both at work and at home from the domestic appliances, industrial equipment, generation and transmission of electrical energy, and in broadcasting and telecommunication. There exists tiny electrical currents within human bodies because of chemical reactions, which occur as part of bodily functions, even where external electric fields are

Mandarin Oriental Bangkok Human Resource Management Practices Essay

Mandarin Oriental Bangkok Human Resource Management Practices - Essay Example Organizational support With talented employees Mandarin Oriental Bangkok provides them with an opportunity to experience working aboard at Mandarin Oriental Hong Kong. Work environment There is a locker room with toilet and shower for both male and female employee.Uniforms and suits are provided by the hotel. There is laundry service for all employees’ uniform and suits. All restaurant equipment provided by the hotel.There are employees’ areas to hang out there before/after work or during break-time, which consist of cafà ©, library, computer room, sitting areas and flat screen TV with Play Station 4 in the living area. Thai customs are applied throughout the hotel, which is the purpose of showing respect between employees. Flexibility The hotel understands employees who have children and allows them to have adjustable work hours to meet their preferred time or have split shift if they needed to. The hotel allows employees to use their public holiday and annual vacatio n usually this depending on the seasonality. In some serious or important the case HR manager will decide upon the case and will inform the employee of the result. Internal and External Factors Analysis The Mandarin Oriental Hotel is a multinational organization that invests in and manages a chain of luxury hotels, resorts as well as residences all over Europe, Asia, and America. This paper analyses and evaluates both internal and external factors in relation to the Human Resource Management practices at Mandarin Oriental Bangkok.

Cashflow Statements - Three examples Essay Example for Free

Cashflow Statements Three examples Essay Accounts Payable increased in both first years, especially in 1990. For 1991 the amount decreased. III) Assessment of the financial strength: Own assessment of the financial strength of the company, why? The Gamma Corporation realizes a process of restructure and acquisition. A lot of purchases of plant, property, and equipment and high values in depreciation and amortization describe the firm’s situation best whilst it is also well managed  from a financial perspective. Even though the reported net income of especially the last year 1991 shows a clear loss - ­? which may indicate a weak financial situation- ­? the corporation is still stable from a finance perspective and seems to prepare for the future. A restructuring reserve has been implemented which proofs the ongoing restructuring process. The net cash flows from operating activities show over all three years (despite a slight  decrease) a financially stable situation in the case of operating cash flows. Also, the corporation still disposes a huge amount of cash and cash equivalents so that no risk of bankruptcy can be perceived. The company has a safe line of cash reserves each year so far. The only thing unclear is the position of â€Å"Other adjustments† in all three years. All in all, Gamma Corporation seems to be on the right track and setup for the coming financial years.

A Comparison of Edgar Allan Poe’s Annabel Lee and The Raven Essay

A Comparison of Edgar Allan Poe’s Annabel Lee and The Raven With insistent meter and captivating rhyme schemes, Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"Annabel Lee† and â€Å"The Raven† are both very similar. However, in their views of love, namely the loss and mourning of beautiful women, they differ greatly. Through analysis of the two poems, the reader observes that whom Poe had chosen for a speaker, the tone and the sound effects are all factors in both poems that make two poems with a similar theme contrast. Both poems mean the same thing and follow the same theme or â€Å"melancholy topic† as Poe called it in his essay. They both depict a speaker who is severely depressed over the death of a beautiful woman. Poe gave a sense of madness in their character, though, which made them obsess and think constantly... A Comparison of Edgar Allan Poe’s Annabel Lee and The Raven Essay A Comparison of Edgar Allan Poe’s Annabel Lee and The Raven With insistent meter and captivating rhyme schemes, Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"Annabel Lee† and â€Å"The Raven† are both very similar. However, in their views of love, namely the loss and mourning of beautiful women, they differ greatly. Through analysis of the two poems, the reader observes that whom Poe had chosen for a speaker, the tone and the sound effects are all factors in both poems that make two poems with a similar theme contrast. Both poems mean the same thing and follow the same theme or â€Å"melancholy topic† as Poe called it in his essay. They both depict a speaker who is severely depressed over the death of a beautiful woman. Poe gave a sense of madness in their character, though, which made them obsess and think constantly...

Napoleon Bonaparte from 1799 to 1850 Essay

â€Å"His main aim was to himself in power† How far do you agree with this view of Napoleon Bonaparte from 1799 to 1850? Napoleon Bonaparte was created by the revolution of 1789. In his 15 years of ruling, he managed to consolidate many of the aims of the French Revolution., However, whilst doing so, Napoleon also destroyed many aspects of the Revolution, breaking the trust and hope the people of France had in Napoleon when he promised to honour the revolution. Napoleon ruled the way he wanted to stay in power. Napoleon was a war hero to the French people. His great military tactics helped him to rise to power. Napoleon believed that the army is the true nobility of a country. His skills as a general were both tactical and strategical. By 1810, Napoleon had dominated all of Europe; his victory made him popular amongst his people and brought praise. However, it this praise and popularity that urged Napoleon to stay in power. He thought that when one when does bring victory, then the people would soon get bored and uninterested, thus Napoleon became ruthless and tolerate no argument. This was to prove disastrous in his defeat at Waterloo. Napoleon’s constant ambition to go to war and return with victory was his aim of keeping himself in power. Napoleon domestic policies gained the popular support he demanded in order to keep himself in power. He provided France with a strong centralised government, one that he would dominate when he became emperor in 1801, thus he went against the ideals of the French revolution as people of France wished for an end of the Monarch and one man power. Napoleon wanted to keep himself in power and stand against any threats. He also shaped public opinion by crude forms of propaganda, secret agents, arbitrary arrests and executions. Like a dictator, Napoleon relied on public opinion to prevent hostile criticism. This too was against the ideals of the French Revolution. Napoleon now controlled the media, maintaining his position as emperor. As he once said, â€Å"I can no longer obey; I have tested command and I cannot give it up†. Napoleon also used religion to maintain himself in his high position. Although, Napoleon was not religious himself, as he thought it made people meek and mild rather than independent and strong, he knew the French pubic would not understand or agree with him. His aim was to reconcile the church state; this would gain even greater approval from his people. Napoleon was calculating, intelligent and shrewd. Napoleon granted one of the rights mentioned in the declaration of the rights of man as he made Catholicism as the favoured religion of France whilst Jews, Protestants and Catholics could freely practise their religion. By doing this Napoleon had given the people what they wanted increasing his popularity. Napoleon said his aim was the defend the revolution, this is shown in the code Napoleon which incorporated the great principles of 1789 such as the equality before the law, freedom of religion, abortion of serfdom and careers open to talents. However, although the code agreed with most of the people’s interests, it took away some rights especially those of women and children, as Napoleon once said â€Å"Women are nothing but machines for producing children.† Workers were denied collective bargaining, trade unions were outlawed and women were excluded from education according to Napoleon they did not need education only religion. As the he once wrote†Marriage is their whole destination.† Napoleons economic policies were designed to strengthen France and increase his popularity. To secure the economy and please the bourgeoisie, he aided industry through tariffs and loans. He built roads, bridges and canals. His main achievement was the Bank of France which secured Frances economy. Observing what had happened to the men in power before him Napoleon assumed that he would not make the same mistakes, he knew that he must become both a statesmen and a tyrant. However, he became too confident and believed he was more powerful than ever before, as he once wrote â€Å"Power is my mistress. I have worked too hard at her conquest to allow anyone to take her away from me† While in France he had a police state, he has spies everywhere, he tried to control as much as he could to stay in power. He violated the freedom of the press in article 11, of the declaration of the rights of man, reducing  and censuring the newspapers. Although napoleon changed and improved France, it must be noted that, in his legal reforms especially, all that he was doing was building upon the ideas and activities of other reformers before him. All what he did was consolidation of the achievements and developments of the revolution, there is however absence in social reforms as Napoleon cared little and had not much interest in economic or social matters and did not aim at improving standards of living as he said â€Å" France has more need of me than I have of France.† Thus, although Napoleon changed France and improved its conditions much of it was only done, in order to keep his popularity and maintain his position in power. Napoleon from the start knew he was great, therefore he rose to achieve the power he wanted, like all dictators he has ambition. One that cared more for power than others, one that did not know when the possible ended and the impossible began.

Generic devolopment proces

The work undertaken so far has proven that the development of a process map is gaining momentum within the construction industry as a whole. The Lethal inspired CRISP (Construction Research and Innovation Strategy Panel) community has in principle adopted the Process Protocol as a basis for its activities in terms of promoting process thinking in the construction industry. 2. Introduction The need for improvement to the conventional design and construction process in the construction industry is well reported. Emerson (1962), Bankable (1964), and Lethal (1994) have all commented upon the need for change, and each highlight similar problem areas.Fundamentally, the need for improvement is related to the poor performance commonly associated with building projects. Typically, this performance is measured in terms of cost, time and/or quality. Unfortunately, it is the UK Construction Industry response to the need for change that has perpetuated and even perhaps fostered this problem. For example, Franks (1990) and Master (1992) presented the evolution of the range of procurement systems currently on offer to potential construction project clients as driven ultimately by the ‘product' view, and the need to optimism cost, time and quality. Yet, whilst many of the more recent approaches to construction procurement (I. E.Design and Build, Construction Management) apparently attempt to address ‘process issues', such as communication, in reality they fundamentally fail. In a survey conducted by Hubbard & Disbarred (1996), a sample of 64 respondents (representing both clients and consultants) demonstrated that contract time performance was a factor considered to be relatively insignificant, when compared to there problems commonly associated with construction projects as shown in table 2. 1. Furthermore, Mortgaged & Shari (1996) reported that from a total of 21 5 projects surveyed, 136 (63%) were delivered later than expected â€Å"†¦ In terms of the date s fixed by the contract or the dates given to the client for completion. † No. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Variables Changing requirements Design team Communication Cost control Identification of responsibility Supply of information Quality Design faults Contract time performance Other factors Type of contract Percentage 25 18 6. 3 4. 7 3. 1 1. 6 Table 2. : Ranking of problems with current procurement methods (Hubbard & Disbarred, 1996) Mortgaged & Shari (1996) go on to suggest that it is the ‘expectation' rather than the delivery which is at fault. The conventional process of generating an ‘expected' delivery date is considered the reason for this: â€Å"In some cases commercial, economic or political considerations can be a driver towards setting these unrealistic goals which become expectations and contract dates for lack of informed and unbiased advice.Consequently, construction performance falls short of expectations which were largely unachievable when they ere establ ished. † A number of lessons can be learned from the manufacturing sector with regards to the implementation and practical use of a ‘process view within the construction industry. The area within the manufacturing sector that relates closely to construction and building works is called new product development (NYPD). It concentrates in the development of an idea, need or client requirement to the final commercialism's of the product e. G. A building or a car. A number of similarities can be found between the two industries with regards to the activities used for developing new products.For example they include: ; The start of a project can be initiated internally or by direct and/or indirect contact with the customers ; The development of the product requires the participation of a number of specialists and functions such as: designers, surveyors, marketing, stress analysts etc. ; The successful construction or manufacture of a building or product can only be achieved if all external (suppliers and consultants) and internal resources are utilizes and co- ordinate effectively ; The building or product is handed over to the customer/client and provisions are made for future support. However there are a number of distinct differences, the most important of which is that in the manufacturing industry all NYPD activities are co-ordinate, managed and controlled using a common framework which is the NYPD process.The construction industry mainly, uses ad-hoc methods for achieving the latter and therefore reducing repeatability of process execution, resulting in the same mistakes occurring time after time. This shift into the establishment of a consistent process for the construction industry requires a new way of thinking entailing a change of culture and working practices. Furthermore, it requires: ; a good understanding of current practices and future trends ; effective communication mechanisms of such processes, such as modeling ; agreement of participa ting parties Technology can then be used to enhance integration and sharing of information. In conjunction with a process map, an IT map should enable the effective use and co- ordination of technology based on a predetermined process framework.This paper proposes a process map which consists of a high level process and sub-processes (Activity Zones), which support the various phases of a construction project and the appropriate information technologies. 3. Methodology During the development of the Protocol a number of research methods have been used: 1. 4. 5. Retrospective and prospective case study analysis; Review and analysis of contemporary construction processes and practices; Review and analysis of concepts and practices applied within the manufacturing industries; Process modeling including various modeling tools and techniques; Iterative development using feedback from several industrial partners via interviews and workshop sessions and scenario building; The results to dat e of some of this work will be described in subsequent sectionsPrinciples As a result of the initial review of the literature, and the identification of the industry requirements through additional interviews with practitioners, six key principles are considered to provide the basis for an improved process. They are drawn heavily from the manufacturing sector where process thinking and continuous improvement has been focused upon for some 30 years. In addition, many of the principles relate to recognized problem areas in construction, where significant improvements have been called for (interracial Bankable, 1964; Lethal, 1994). The six principles are as follows: Whole Project View In the construction industry the definition of a project has traditionally being synonymous to actual construction works.As such the pre-construction and post- construction activities have been sidelined and often accelerated to reach the construction stage or to move on to the ‘new Job'. This has r esulted in poor client requirements identification and delayed the exposure of any potential solutions to the need to any internal and external specialists. Any contemporary attempt to define or create a ‘design and construction process' will have to cover the whole ‘life' of a project from recognition of a need to the operation f the finished facility. This approach ensures that all issues are considered from both a business and a technical point of view. Furthermore this approach recognizes and emphasizes the inter-dependency of activities throughout the duration of a project.It also focuses at the front-end' activities whereby attention is paid to the identification, definition and evaluation of client requirements in order to identify suitable solutions. A Consistent Process During the review of existing models and descriptions of the design and construction process, it was quickly established that little consistency existed. In such an environment, the problems enco untered by temporary multi-organizations (TOM) working can be compounded. Luck & Newcomer (1996) support this view, describing the ‘role ambiguity commonly associated with construction projects. Development of this generic Process Protocol provides the potential to establish its consistent application. Through consistency of use the scope for ambiguity should reduce.This, together with the adoption of a standard approach to performance measurement, evaluation and control, should facilitate a process of continual improvement in design and construction. Progressive Design Fixity The ‘stage-gate' approach found in manufacturing processes (Cooper, 1994; ref. Fig. L) applies a consistent planning and review procedure throughout the Process. Phase Reviews are conducted at the end of each Phase with the aim of reviewing the work executed in the Phase, approving progress to the next Phase, and planning the resounding and execution of the next Phase. Cooper, in his third generati on process, saw the need for ‘conditional-go' decisions at phase gates, to accommodate aspects of concurrency. This philosophy is translated in the development of the Protocol's phase gates.Phase gates are classed as either soft or hard, with the ‘soft gates' allowing the potential for concurrency in the process, whilst ensuring that the key decision points in the process are respected. Fig. 4. 1 Cooper's comparison of stage-gate processes (Cooper, 1994) The potential benefit of this approach is fundamentally the progressive fixing and/or approval of information throughout the Process. As Cooper(1994) states, the discipline of the Phase Review activity improved the conventional chaotic, ad-hoc approach of manufacturing to which the Construction Industry of today could be compared. Co-ordination Co-ordination is one area in which construction traditionally is perceived to perform poorly.This perception is supported by Bankable (1964) and Lethal (1994), in addition to many other reviews of the Industry. The need for improved co-ordination was also highlighted by the interviews with senior managers undertaken during the research project. It is therefore proposed that co-ordination of the Process Protocol is undertaken, principally, by the Process and Change Management Activity Zones. (see section 7) Appointed by the Client, the Process Manager will be delegated authority to plan and o-ordinate the participants and activities of each Phase, throughout the Process. The actions of the Process Manager are supported by the Change Manager, through which all information related to the project is passed.In this role, the Change Manager acts as the official interface between both the Activity Zones in the Process, and ultimately the Legacy Archive. Stakeholder Involvement & Teamwork It has been recognized in the manufacturing industries that multi-function teams, established in a development process, reduces the likelihood of costly changes and production diff iculties later on in the process by enabling design and manufacturing sections earlier in the process. Conventionally, many building projects comprise a team of participants assembled specifically to facilitate the development of that single. Consequently, a complete project team rarely works together on more than one project, and, as Somerville & Stocks (1996) argue, this can negatively affect the assembled â€Å"team's† performance.In addition, many key contributors are identified and included too late in the process. Project success relies upon the right people having the right information at the right time. Proactive resounding of Phases through the adoption of a ‘stakeholder' view would ensure that appropriate participants (from each of the key functions) are consulted earlier in the Process than is traditionally the case. This, in itself, will not eliminate the problems associated with TOM working. However, the active involvement of all participants, especially in the early phases of a project, may subsequently help foster a team environment and encourage appropriate and timely communication and decision making.Feedback In addition to the direct teamwork problems associated with Tom's, the ability to learn from experience is also hampered by the continual formation and break-up of project teams. Both success and failure can offer important lessons for the future, yet the fragmented and competitive nature of the Construction industry prevents the benefits of shared best practice being utilizes. The Phase Review Process facilitates a means by which project experiences can be recorded, throughout the Process, thereby informing later Phases and future projects. Competitive advantage will come from how such experiences are acted upon. (shared knowledge may not automatically reduce the competitiveness of companies working in construction.This Process Protocol therefore proposes the creation, maintenance and use of a Legacy Archive acts as a centra l repository, or information-spine (Sheath et. Al. , 1996), for the information generated through each of the phases of the process. The subsequent increase in awareness, project to project, has the potential for reducing risk and improving performance which over time may ultimately meet Lathe's expectations. Process Development Given the apparent lack of commonality in the contemporary understanding of the design and construction process, an attempt was made to produce a model of the process which could be debated and subsequently refined towards a generic representation.The initial model was developed based upon existing descriptions of the design and construction process (inter alai Walker, 1989; Hughes, 1991), some case study data, and reviews of other published models (inter alai RIBS, 1980; Assassin, 1994; BAA, 1995) The DEFIED-O (Integration Definition language O for Function Modeling) process modeling technique was adopted, initially, as the most appropriate means of represe nting this process. The DEFIED-O technique essentially represents a process as a sequence of activities, described by a verb followed by a noun. Each activity has associated inputs, outputs, controls and mechanisms. It is this technique that has been used successfully to represent processes such as Assassin's (1995) Integrated Building Process Model In developing a process model using the DEFIED-O technique, an initial step is the establishment of the activities that will comprise the model. In preliminary interviews and workshop sessions with the project's industrial partners these activities were presented for discussion in the form of an Activity Hierarchy.However, initial reactions to this were poor, principally because such an approach did not facilitate communication of the process, either quickly or clearly. Moreover, it was found that the industrial partners to the project, at this stage, also preferred to concentrate on the general principles of the process, in preference t o the detail of the activities involved. This preference for principles was found to have a certain congruence with other models of manufacturing processes. Cooper's discussion of the evolution of the ‘stage-gate' models in manufacturing (Cooper, 1994), and other (inter alai GAP (1990), Fissions) industrial models, demonstrate this. In such models the graphical representation of the process conveys it's inherent reminisces.As Rousseau (1996) notes, such process models are â€Å"an effective way to show how a process works†. In their definition; â€Å"A process map consists of an X and a Y axis, which show process sequence (or time) and process participants, respectively. The horizontal X axis illustrates time in process and the individual process activities or gates. The Y axis shows the departments or functions participating in the process†¦ † (p. 444) Beyond this convention, there appears to be little formality in the method used to represent a process. Fu rthermore, it could be argued that the elated informality of the modeling process enhanced the contributions of the project's partner representatives.Through several workshop sessions, the model was revised and deliberated by the partner representatives. As Rousseau (1996) argues, this â€Å"participative† approach to design makes any new process easier to accept and use. In an industry with a ‘need for change' such an approach must be considered appropriate. Thus, through a process of gradual refinement, progress was made towards an agreed version, the Process Protocol, which this paper presents. 6. The Process Protocol The draft Process Protocol Model is presented in Fig. . 1 . Essentially, the model breaks down the design and construction process into 10 distinct phases. These 10 phases are grouped into 4 broad stages, namely Pre-pro]etc, Pre-Construction, Construction and Post-construction.Pre-project Stage The Pre-project Phases relate to the strategic business con siderations of any potential project which aims to address a client's need. Throughout the Pre-project Phases the client's need is progressively defined and assessed with the aim of: 1. Determining the need for a construction project solution, and 2. Securing outline financial authority to proceed to the Pre-Construction Phases. In currently acknowledged models of the design and construction process (inter alai RIBS, 1980; British Property Federation, 1983; – Hughes, 1991 provides a comprehensive review), and recently published client-focused guides (CIRRI, 1995), this stage of a project is given scant consideration, when compared to the latter stages.However, the models assume that when approaching the Construction Industry, clients have already established the need'. Whilst there is little evidence to suggest this is not the case, it would seem reasonable to assume that the knowledge possessed by speculative alluding developers and consultants could assist any client in the se early stages of a project. The problems associated with the translation of this need through the conventional briefing stage of design (Reilly, 1987) have the potential for substantial elimination via such an approach. Pre-Construction Stage With outline financial approval obtained, the Process progresses through to the Pre- Construction Phases where the defined client's need is developed into an appropriate design solution.Like many conventional models of the design process, the Pre- Construction Phases develop the design through a logical sequence, with the aim of levering approved production information. The Phase Review Process, however, adds the potential for the progressive fixing of the design, together with it's concurrent development, within a formal, co-ordinate framework. Progressive fixity should not be confused with ‘design freeze', although to some this may be a desired aspect of the process. The major benefit of the fixity of design is the potential for impro ved communication and co-ordination between the project's participants as they pass through each Phase. Given the dynamic market conditions which influence any construction client's decisions, the need for flexibility must be addressed by the industry.At the end of the Pre-Construction Phases, the aim is to secure full financial authority to proceed. Only upon such authority will the Construction Phase commence, and this decision will be easier to make where the extent of the works, and it's associated risks can be readily understood. Construction Stage The Construction Phase is solely concerned with the production of the project solution. It is here that the full benefits of the co-ordination and communication earlier in the Process may be fully realized. Potentially, any changes in the client's requirements will be minimal, as the increased cost of change as the design progresses should be fully understood by the time on-site construction work begins.The ‘hard gate' that div ides the Pre-Construction and Construction Phases should not prevent a Workplace' approach to construction, and the associated delivery time benefits this brings. As with all activities in the process, where concurrency is possible, it can be accommodated. The hard and soft gates that signify Phase Reviews merely require that before such an activity is carried out, approval is ranted. Post-construction Stage Upon completion of the Construction Phase, the Process Protocol continues into the Post-construction Phases which aim to continually monitor and manage the maintenance needs of the constructed facility. Again, the full involvement of facilities management specialists at the earlier stages of the process should make the enactment of such activities less problematic.The need for surveys of the completed property, for example, should be avoided as all records of the development of the facility should have been recorded by the project's Legacy Archive. Figure 6. 1 . The Generic Desi gn and Construction Process Protocol Model 7. The Sub-processes: ‘Activity Zones' The earlier involvement of the project's participants, throughout the process is a significant development of the conventional approach to building. Traditionally, a construction project's participants are referred to by their professional or expert status. Ball (1988) demonstrates how this may be attributed to the inherent class relations associated with each of the professions and expert groups. As with all class distinctions, the effect that this basis for organizational structure in design and instruction has is division.A consequence of this traditional approach, by which even the more recent forms of contract procurement (design and build, management contracting, etc. ) are included, is the poor communication and coordination commonly associated with construction projects. The participants in the Process Protocol are referred to in terms of their primary responsibilities, and are represente d on the Y-axis of the Process Model. It is recognized that traditionally, project to project, organizational roles and responsibilities change, resulting in ambiguity and confusion (Luck & Newcomer, 1996). By basing the enactment of the process upon the primary responsibility required, the scope for confusion is potentially reduced, and the potential for effective communication and co-ordination increased.The Process Protocol groups the participants in any project into ‘Activity Zones'. These zones are not functional but rather they are multi-functional and they represent structured sets of tasks and processes which guide and support work towards a common objective (for example to create an appropriate design solution). A single person or firm can carry out an activity zone in small-projects but in large ND complex projects, an activity zone may consist of a complex network of people and between relevant functions and/or organizations. Since they are multi-functional, members hip of the ‘zones' is determined by the specific project task and/or process.For example Design Management often has important input in the Production Management and Facilities Management activity zones, amongst others and vice- versa. Of the activity zones associated with the model, not all will be discussed here. Most of the ‘zones' are self-explanatory. However, the role of the Process/Change Management and Development Management activity zones will be described, as they present a significant departure from the conventional view of the design and construction process. Development Management The Development Management activity zone is fundamentally the client/customer for the potential project. In the Protocol scenario, it is ultimately responsible for the success or failure of the project.Representing the major stakeholder in the process, it has an important role. It is via the brief prepared by the Development Management that the client/customer's needs are presented and ultimately interpreted. The Development Management is the only constant ‘player' in the process. All other activity zones potentially consist of a dynamic membership, as the needs of the project develop throughout the process. The extent to which the other participants in the process, particularly the Process Management, have authority to proceed is delegated by the Development Management. It is they who will ultimately review the work of the project's participants and sanction progress or cessation.Development Management is responsible for creating and maintaining business focus throughout he project, which satisfies both relevant organizational and stakeholder objectives and constraints. For example, a proposed speculative office development needs to satisfy the developers objectives (say, return on capital) and constraints (say, available finance), as well as fulfilling other stakeholder considerations (say, compliance with prevailing planning concerns). Process / Chan ge Management The Process and Change Management activity zones are essentially the interface between the Development Management and the other project participants. Process Management has a role independent of all other activity zones.A distinction must be dad between this conventional view of a project manager and the Process Management role. Process Management, as the title suggests, is concerned with the enactment of the process, rather than the project. Key to the success of each Phase in the process is the production of project deliverables (reports and documentation associated with each Phase). In this respect the Process Management is responsible for facilitating and co-ordination the participants required to produce the necessary deliverables. Acting as the Development Management's ‘agent', it will ensure the enactment of each Phase as planned, culminating with the presentation of the

Zachary Taylor - US President Facts

Zachary Taylor - US President Facts Zachary Taylor (1784 - 1850) served as Americas twelfth president. However, he died after only a little more than a year. This page provides a quick list of fast facts for Zachary Taylor. For more in depth information, you can also read the Zachary Taylor Biography  or the Top 10 Things to Know About Zachary Taylor.   Birth: November 24, 1784 Death: July 9, 1850 Term of Office: March 4, 1849-July 9, 1850 Number of Terms Elected: 1 Term; Zachary Taylor died after serving a   little more than a year in office. Doctors believe his death was caused by cholera morbus contracted from eating a bowl of cherries and drinking a pitcher of iced milk on a hot day. Interestingly, his body was exhumed on June 17, 1991. There was a belief by historians that he might have been poisoned due to his stance against allowing slavery to extend to the western states. However, the researchers were able to show that he had not, in fact, been poisoned. He was later reburied in his Louisville, Kentucky mausoleum.   First Lady: Margaret Peggy Mackall Smith Nickname: Old Rough and Ready Zachary Taylor Quote: It would be judicious to act with magnanimity towards a prostrate foe.Additional Zachary Taylor Quotes Major Events While in Office: Zachary Taylor was renowned in the United States before becoming president as a war hero. He had fought in the War of 1812, the Black Hawk War, the Second Seminole War, and the Mexican-American War. In 1848, he was nominated by the Whig Party as their presidential candidate even though he was not present at the convention and had not put his name forward to run. Ironically, he was informed by letter of the nomination. However, he would not pay the postage due and did not actually find out he was the nominee until weeks later.   During his short time as president, the key event occurred was the passage of the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty between the United States and Great Britain.The treaty dealt with the status of colonization and canals in the countries of Central America. Both countries agreed that from that date on, all canals would indeed be neutral. In addition, both countries stated that they would not colonize any part of Central America.   Related Zachary Taylor Resources: These additional resources on Zachary Taylor can provide you with further information about the president and his times. Zachary Taylor BiographyThis article takes a more in depth look at the twelfth president of the United States including his time as a war hero. You will also learn about his childhood, family, early career, and the major events of his administration. Chart of Presidents and Vice PresidentsThis informative chart gives quick reference information on the presidents, vice-presidents, their terms of office, and their political parties. Other Presidential Fast Facts: James K PolkMillard FillmoreList of American Presidents

Using Namespaces in VB.NET

Using Namespaces in VB.NET The most common way VB.NET namespaces are used by most programmers is to tell the compiler which .NET Framework libraries are needed for a particular program. When you choose a template for your project (such as Windows Forms Application) one of the things that youre choosing is the specific set of namespaces that will be automatically referenced in your project. This makes the code in those namespaces available to your program. For example, some of the namespaces and the actual files they are in for a Windows Forms Application are: System in System.dllSystem.Data in System.Data.dllSystem.Deployment System.Deployment.dllSystem.Drawing System.Drawing.dllSystem.Windows.Forms System.Windows.Forms.dll You can see (and change) the namespaces and references for your project in the project properties under the References tab. This way of thinking about namespaces makes them seem to be just the same thing as code library but thats only part of the idea. The real benefit of namespaces is organization. Most of us wont get the chance to establish a new namespace hierarchy because its generally only done once in the beginning for a large and complicated code library. But, here, youll learn  how to interpret the namespaces that you will be asked to use in many organizations. What Namespaces Do Namespaces make it possible to organize the tens of thousands of .NET Framework objects and all the objects that VB programmers create in projects, too, so they dont clash. For example, if you search .NET for a Color object, you find two. There is a Color object in both: System.DrawingSystem.Windows.Media If you add an Imports statement for both namespaces (a reference may also be necessary for the project properties) ... Imports System.DrawingImports System.Windows.Media ... then a statement like ... Dim a As Color ... will be flagged as an error with the note, Color is ambiguous and .NET will point out that both namespaces contain an object with that name. This kind of error is called a name collision. This is the real reason for namespaces and its also the way namespaces are used in other technologies (such as XML). Namespaces make it possible to use the same object name, such as Color, when the name fits and still keep things organized. You could define a Color object in your own code and keep it distinct from the ones in .NET (or the code of other programmers). Namespace MyColorPublic Class ColorSub Color() Do somethingEnd SubEnd ClassEnd Namespace You can also use the Color object somewhere else in your program like this: Dim c As New MyColor.Colorc.Color() Before getting into some of the other features, be aware that every project is contained in a namespace. VB.NET uses the name of your project (WindowsApplication1 for a standard forms application if you dont change it) as the default namespace. To see this, create a new project (we used the name NSProj and check out the Object Browser tool): Click Here to display the illustrationClick the Back button on your browser to return The Object Browser shows your new project namespace (and the automatically defined objects in it) right along with the .NET Framework namespaces. This ability of VB.NET to make your objects equal to .NET objects is one of the keys to the power and flexibility. For example, this is why Intellisense will show your own objects as soon as you define them. To kick it up a notch, lets define a new project (We named ours NewNSProj in the same solution (use File Add New Project ...) and code a new namespace in that project. And just to make it more fun, lets put the new namespace in a new module (we named it NewNSMod). And since an object must be coded as a class, we also added a class block (named NewNSObj). Heres the code and Solution Explorer to show how it fits together: Click Here to display the illustrationClick the Back button on your browser to return Since your own code is just like Framework code, its necessary to add a reference to NewNSMod in NSProj to use the object in the namespace, even though theyre in the same solution. Once thats done, you can declare an object in NSProj based on the method in NewNSMod. You also need to build the project so an actual object exists to reference. Dim o As New NewNSProj.AVBNS.NewNSMod.NewNSObjo.AVBNSMethod() Thats quite a Dim statement though. We can shorten that by using an Imports statement with an alias. Imports NS NewNSProj.AVBNS.NewNSMod.NewNSObj...Dim o As New NSo.AVBNSMethod() Clicking the Run button displays the MsgBox from the AVBNS namespace, Hey! It worked! When and Why to Use Namespaces Everything so far has really just been syntax - the coding rules that you have to follow in using namespaces. But to really take advantage, you need two things: A requirement for namespace organization in the first place. You need more than just a Hello World project before the organization of namespaces starts to pay off.A plan to use them. In general, Microsoft recommends that you organize your organizations code using a combination of your company name with the product name. So, for example, if youre the Chief Software Architect for Dr. Nos Nose Knows Plastic Surgery, then you might want to organize your namespaces like ... DRNoConsultingReadTheirWatchNChargeEmTellEmNuthinSurgeryElephantManMyEyeLidsRGone This is similar to .NETs organization ... ObjectSystemCoreIOLinqDataOdbcSql The multilevel namespaces are achieved by simply nesting the namespace blocks. Namespace DRNoNamespace SurgeryNamespace MyEyeLidsRGone VB CodeEnd NamespaceEnd NamespaceEnd Namespace or Namespace DRNo.Surgery.MyEyeLidsRGone VB CodeEnd Namespace

See the dise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

See the dise - Essay Example Its economy is strong and prosperous. This country is regarded as one of the finest place for the tourism. It holds almost 80% non- nationals as stated by Boleat (2012). One of the cities of U.A.E, Dubai is known as ‘city of Gold’. Boleat(2012) also reports about the economy of this country by saying â€Å"Dubai has a highly developed economy†. With increasing living standards and lifestyle people have become conscious about their lifestyles and looks. The rapid economic growth of the country has also contributed to improved diets and thereby obesity (Faust, 2012). This information from different resources suggest that population of U.A.E due to the availability of different fast foods and high scale income is directing themselves towards obesity. This fast growth in the obesity in U.A.E ‘s population has made them consious of their health. Different researches in this field have proved that people of U.A.E are becoming health – conscious and they are demanding for clothes that are specifically sports-outfits in which they can easily work out. This information about the need of opening sports clothing company in UAE is provided by Nasser who is form United Arab Emirates. He translated the local papers from there and provided the relevant information which was needed for the research. His information was a guide to study about the living standards, lifestyle, population, education, religion, language etc.Before analyzing the fitness adverstisements in the local megazines and the newspapers, the ethnographic research on the people of U.A.E was necessary. The conclusion drawn upon the information about the people was done with the help provided by Nasser. As U.A.E’s population consists of 80% of non – nationals; multi – cultured people live there. People are mostly Asians, mainly from Pakistan, India and Bangladesh. The languages spoken in this country are mixed Asian languages by the people. Apart from those languages English also

MEDICATION ERROR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MEDICATION ERROR - Essay Example Medication error can occur at the pharmacy, at the doctor’s office, at home, or in the hospital. Various causes of medication error have been cited including confusion regarding different drugs with the same names, inadequate information concerning sensitivities and drug allergies of a particular patient, and difficulty in reading prescriptions that are handwritten among others (Naylor, 2002). In order to have a better understanding of this topic, this paper will discuss medication error in general, with particular reference to the medication safety, prevention, as well as reporting. Medication should at all times achieve its main aim of relieving pain and suffering, managing symptoms of chronic diseases, and treating infectious diseases. Medication safety is one of the main strategies that can help in realizing this goal. Caregivers, pharmacists, and patients should focus on critical elements of medication safety which are safe storage, safe dosing, and safe disposal. Medicines should be stored in the right locations and under the recommended temperatures (Banja, 2005). Safe storage also involves keeping drugs out of reach of children. It also involves keeping them where they can be destroyed such as in the backpack or in the purse. Medication safety further entails safe dosing; under and overdosing are preventable. This starts by ensuring that the right prescription is made. After that, caregivers and patients should be vigilant in reading the medication instructions and labels in order to take the right dose. The final aspect of medication safety is safe disp osal of medicines. In an event that medications are not needed anymore or they are out of date, they should be disposed appropriately. This can be done through community’s medication take-back program, or by dissolving them in water if they are solid, or by removing personal information and any instructions from the

Brown v the board of education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Brown v the board of education - Research Paper Example In the middle of the twentieth century,the struggle for racial equality in the United States was reaching a boiling point.Since the end of slavery,African-Americans had been fighting for the same rights and privileges enjoyed by white Americans. By the 1950s, civil rights activists were gaining ground in efforts to desegregate American society. One of the areas in which segregation was a major problem was education. Black students were not allowed to attend school with white students, and their education suffered because of it. In 1896, the United States Supreme Court heard the case Plessy v. Ferguson, and ruled that racial segregation was not illegal, so long as segregated facilities were "separate but equal."1 In 1954, the case Brown v. Board of Education challenged this ruling and led to its repudiation. Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark decision by the United States Supreme Court that paved the way for integration and significantly impacted the civil rights movement. The case was brought to the Supreme Court by the NAACP Legal Defense Fund under the leadership of Charles Hamilton Houston and Thurgood Marshall. It was actually five cases that were heard under the name Brown v. Board of Education, after Oliver Brown, who was the lead of almost 200 plaintiffs.2 The unanimous ruling in Brown stated that â€Å"separate but equal† schools and facilities were in fact â€Å"inherently unequal... to cope with ordinary expressions of prejudice by regarding the prejudiced person as evil or misguided; but he cannot readily cope with symbols of authority, the full force of the authority of the State—the school or the school board, in this instance—in the same manner. 5 These feelings of inferiority were reinforced by the entirety of the society in which black children lived. It damaged their self-esteem and subsequently their chances for success later in life. Segregated education was not only harmful to children’s education, but also to their psyches. The Brown decision meant that black students would be able to attend the schools of their choice. Black schools were not only inferior in principle, they were inferior in practice, as well. Black schools employed black teachers who, because of segregation, had not had access to good educations themselves. They received fewer tax dollars due to the economic class of the neighborhoods in which the schools were lo cated, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Patterson, 49 2. Martin, Waldo E. Brown v. Board of Education: A Brief History with Documents (Boston, MA: Bedford St. Martin’s, 1998), 146 3. Ibid a system perpetuated by segregation. After the Brown decision, black students had access to an education equal to that of white students, resulting in subsequent generations of black teachers who could further equal education goals, in addition to black professionals who had benefitted from the educational opportunities Brown afforded them. The decision was not a popular one in many segments of the American south. Students were threatened by whites who were unhappy with the decision, and in many cases were physically blocked from entering schools

Judaism - Meaning of life Essay Example for Free

Judaism Meaning of life Essay The meaning of life is a philosophical question concerning the significance of life or existence in general. It can also be expressed in different forms, such as Why are we here? , What is life all about? , and What is the purpose of existence? It has been the subject of much philosophical, scientific, and theological speculation throughout history. There have been a large number of proposed answers to these questions from many different cultural and ideological backgrounds. The meaning of life is in the philosophical and religious conceptions of existence, social ties, consciousness, and happiness, and borders on many other issues, such as symbolic meaning, ontology, value, purpose, ethics, good and evil, free will, the existence of one or multiple Gods, conceptions of God, the soul, and the afterlife. Scientific contributions focus primarily on describing related empirical facts about the universe, exploring the context and parameters concerning the how of life. Science also studies and can provide recommendations for the pursuit of well-being and a related conception of morality. An alternative, humanistic approach poses the question What is the meaning of my life? The value of the question pertaining to the purpose of life may coincide with the achievement of ultimate reality, or a feeling of oneness, or even a feeling of sacredness. governs the universe. Closeness with the God of Israel is through study of His Torah, and adherence to its mitzvot (divine laws). In traditional Judaism, God established a special covenant with a people, the people of Israel, at Mount Sinai, giving the Jewish commandments. Torah comprises the written Pentateuch and the transcribed oral tradition, further developed through the generations. The Jewish people are intended as a kingdom of priests and a holy nation[69] and a light to the Nations, influencing the other peoples to keep their own religio-ethical Seven Laws of Noah. The messianic era is seen as the perfection of this dual path to God. Jewish observances involve ethical and ritual, affirmative and prohibative injunctions. Modern Jewish denominations differ over the nature, relevance and emphases of mitzvot. Jewish philosophy emphasises that God is not affected or benefited, but the individual and society benefit by drawing close to God. The rationalist Maimonides sees the ethical and ritual divine commandments as a necessary, but insufficient preparation for philosophical understanding of God, with its love and awe. [70] Among fundamental values in the Torah are pursuit of justice, compassion, peace, kindness, hard work, prosperity, humility, and education. [71][72] The world to come,[73] prepared in the present, elevates man to an everlasting connection with God. [74] Simeon the Righteous says, the world stands on three things: on Torah, on worship, and on acts of loving kindness. The prayer book relates, blessed is our God who created us for his honor and planted within us everlasting life. Of this context, the Talmud states, everything that God does is for the good, including suffering. The Jewish mystical Kabbalah gives complimentary esoteric meanings of life. As well as Judaism providing an immanent relationship with God (personal theism), in Kabbalah the spiritual and physical creation is a paradoxical manifestation of the immanent aspects of Gods Being (panentheism), related to the Shekhinah (Divine feminine). Jewish observance unites the sephirot (Divine attributes) on high, restoring harmony to creation. In Lurianic Kabbalah, the meaning of life is the messianic rectification of the shattered sparks of Gods persona, exiled in physical existence (the Kelipot shells), through the actions of Jewish observance. [75] Through this, in Hasidic Judaism the ultimate essential desire of God is the revelation of the Omnipresent Divine essence through materiality, achieved by man from within his limited physical realm, when the body will give life to the soul. Zoroastrianism Zoroastrianism is the religion and philosophy named after its prophet Zoroaster, which is believed to have influenced the beliefs of Judaism and its descendant religions. [77] Zoroastrians believe in a universe created by a transcendental God, Ahura Mazda, to whom all worship is ultimately directed. Ahura Mazdas creation is asha, truth and order, and it is in conflict with its antithesis, druj, falsehood and disorder. (See also Zoroastrian eschatology). Since humanity possesses free will, people must be responsible for their moral choices. By using free will, people must take an active role in the universal conflict, with good thoughts, good words and good deeds to ensure happiness and to keep chaos at bay.